Monday, November 12, 2012

Soil Centipede

I uncovered this long, thin centipede a couple of days ago. I've been able to identify it only as far as the order, Geophilomorpha, or Soil Centipedes. Contrary to the description on BugGuide, this guy was not sluggish at all, but extremely active, though he might have exhibited this behavior simply because he was frightened upon being uncovered. Anyway, I believe this centipede may belong to the family Geophilidae, but identifying the genus is tricky. Perhaps Geophilus? Or Clinopodes?

Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment, and they always have an uneven total of pairs. If my counting is correct, this centipede has 63 pairs of legs, making 126 legs in all. Contrary to popular belief, centipedes don't all have 100 legs but can have as little as 30 to as many as 382. When you're counting legs, don't forget the last two extending back from the body. Another interesting note is that Soil Centipedes have spiracles on all leg-bearing segments except the first and last. They also have 14 segments on their antennae. I counted the segments on this centipede's antennae and there are indeed 14. They burrow in the soil in a similar manner to earthworms. Interestingly, the centipedes of this order don't possess eyes at all. Those of other orders have ocelli of different numbers and these can grow in clusters to form compound eyes. Nevertheless, centipedes can see about as poorly as slugs, discerning only light and dark. In fact, as this centipede was frantically trying to find a hiding place, its antennae were constantly feeling along the ground. That made it a real job to photograph it.


References:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/21
http://eol.org/pages/6378/overview
http://www.earthlife.net/insects/chilopod.html
http://tolweb.org/Geophilomorpha/6235
http://chilobase.bio.unipd.it/search/taxonomic_browser.php?

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